New York University

New York University
New York University
  1.  was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1950.[20] counts 36 Nobel Prize winners, four Abel Prize winners, four Turing Award winners, four Fields Medal winners, over 30 National Medals for Science, Technology and Innovation, Arts and Humanities recipients, over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners, over 30 Academy Award winners, as well as several Russ Prize, Gordon Prize and Draper Prize winners, and dozens of Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Award winners among its faculty and alumni. also has many MacArthur and Guggenheim Fellowship holders as well as hundreds  Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and American Academy of Arts and , and a plethora of members of the United States Congress and heads of state of countries all over the world, among its past and present graduates and faculty. The alumni of are among the wealthiest in the world, and include seventeen living billionaires.[21][22][23][24] sports teams are called the Violets, the colors being the trademarked hue  Violet" and white; the  is the bobcat. Almost all sporting teams participate in the NCAA's Division III and the University Athletic Association.Albert , Secretary of Treasury under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, declared his intention to establish "in this immense and fast-growing city ... a system of rational and practical education fitting for all and graciously opened to all".[1] A three-day long "literary and scientific convention" held in City Hall in 1830 and attended by over 100 delegates debated the terms of a plan for a new university. These New  believed the city needed a university designed for young men who would be admitted based upon merit rather than birthright, status, or social class. On April 18, 1831, an institution was established, with the support of a group of prominent New York City residents from the city's landed class of merchants, bankers, and traders.[25] Albert  was elected as the institution's first president.[26] On April 21, 1831, the new institution received its charter and was incorporated as the University of the City of New York by the New York State Legislature; older documents often refer to it by that name. The university has been popularly known as New York University since its beginning and was officially renamed New York University in 1896.[26] In 1832, held its first classes in rented rooms of four-story Clinton Hall, situated near City Hall.[26] In 1835, the School of Law, first professional school, was established. Although the impetus to found a new school was partly a reaction by evangelical  what they perceived as the of Columbia College,[27]  was created non-denominational, unlike many American colleges at the time.[26]In 1950,  was elected to the Association of American Universities, a nonprofit organization of leading public and private research universities.[20][31]In the lat and early , financial crisis gripped the New York City government and the troubles spread to the city's institutions, including.[32] Feeling the pressures of imminent bankruptcy,  President James McNaughton Hester negotiated the sale of the University Heights campus to the City University of New York, which occurred in 1973.[33] In 1973, the New York University School of Engineering and Science merged into Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn,[34] which eventually merged into  in 2014 forming the  of Engineering. After the sale of the Bronx campus, University College merged with Washington Square College. In, under the leadership of President John launched a billion-dollar campaign that was spent almost entirely on updating facilities.[36] The campaign was set to complete in 15 years, but ended up being completed in 10.[37] In 2003 President John Sexton launched a $2.5 billion campaign for funds to be spent especially on faculty and financial aid resources.[38]In 2009, the university responded to a series of New York Times interviews that showed a pattern of labor abuses in its fledgling  location, creating a statement of labor values for campus workers. A 2014 follow-up article in The Times found that while some conditions had improved, contractors for the endowment university were still frequently subjecting their workers to third-world labor conditions. The article documented that these conditions included confiscation of worker passports, forced overtime, recruitment fees and cockroach-filled dorms where workers had to sleep under beds. According to the article, workers who attempted to protest the contractors' conditions were promptly arrested.[39] The university responded the day of the article with an apology to the workers.[40] Another report was published and it maintains that those who were on strike were arrested by police who then promptly abused them in a police station. Many of those who were not local were then deported to their country.[41] A 2014 follow-up article in The Times found that some conditions had improved.[42] In 2015,  compensated thousands of migrant workers on its complex.[43] was the founding member of the League of World Universities, an international organization  rectors and presidents from urban universities across six continents. The league and its 47 representatives gather every two years to discuss global issues in education.[44] L. Jay  formed the organization in 1991 just after he was inaugurated president of New York University.[45] board of trustees is currently one of the largest and most powerful in American academia.[46]Washington Square and Greenwich Village have been hubs of cultural life in New York City since the early 19th century. Much of this culture has intersected with  at various points in its history. Artists of the Hudson River School, the United States' first prominent school of painters, settled around Washington Square. Samuel F.B. Morse, a noted artist who also pioneered the telegraph and created the Morse Code, served as the first chair of Painting and Sculpture. He and Daniel  early tenants of the Old University Building in the mid-19th century. (The University rented out studio space and residential apartments within the "academic" building.) As a result, they had notable interaction with the cultural and academic life of the university.[32]In the sculptors Augustus Saint- and Daniel Chester French lived and worked near the Square. By the, Washington Square Park was nationally recognized as a focal point for artistic and moral rebellion. As such, the Washington Square campus became more diverse and bustled with urban energy, contributing to academic change at.[32] Famed residents of this time include Eugene O'Neill, John Sloan, and Maurice . In the , the abstract  Pollock and  and the realists Edward Hopper and Thomas Hart Benton had studios around Washington Square. In the  the area became one of the centers of the beat and folk generation, when Allen Ginsberg and Bob Dylan settled there. This led to tension with the university, which at the time was in the midst of an aggressive facilities expansion phase.[32] In 1975, the university opened The Grey Art Gallery at 100 Washington Square East, housing the  art collection and featuring museum quality exhibitions.[47][48]